Scheuermann's Kyphosis: Case Series and Literature Review
Pedro Nogarotto Cembraneli, Julia Brasileiro de Faria Cavalcante, Italo Nogarotto Cembraneli, Gabriel Ambrogi, Renata Brasileiro de Faria Cavalcante, José Edison da Silva Cavalcante (PhD), Leonardo Taveira Lopes, Marcos Daniel Xavier, Vitor Cesar Machado, Rodrigo Correia de Alcântara, Alessandro Fonseca Cardoso, Chrystiano Fonseca Cardoso
Scheuermann's Kyphosis (SK) is a progressive spinal deformity characterized by abnormal thoracic
curvature, with vertebral bodies displaying a wedge-shaped structure. It commonly affects adolescents
during growth, leading to chronic pain, aesthetic changes, and functional limitations in severe cases.
Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are crucial to prevent deformity progression and minimize
long-term complications. The prevalence of SK ranges from 0.4% to 8%, with genetic and biomechanical
factors thought to play a central role in its development. This study reviews the diagnostic and
therapeutic approaches for SK, focusing on updated guidelines from major spine societies, including
the Brazilian Spine Society (SBC), North American Spine Society (NASS), and European Spine Society
(ESS). The findings highlight regional differences in management strategies, with the SBC emphasizing
early diagnosis and conservative treatment, the NASS advocating a multidisciplinary approach with
surgical intervention for severe cases, and the ESS promoting a cautious approach with an emphasis on
pain management and long-term complications prevention. Three clinical cases of surgical intervention
are presented, showing successful outcomes following spinal fusion procedures. The study underscores
the importance of individualized treatment, incorporating both conservative and surgical options based
on the severity and progression of the deformity. Future research is needed to further refine treatment
protocols and improve patient outcomes.
