A Concussion-Avoidance Training to Generate Neck Stiffness as a Conditioned Reflex
Chiming Huang, Greg Justice, Art Still, Michael Moncure, Rosa Huang, Kaori Takehara-Nishiuchi
Impact-induced rotational accelerations of the head are critical to the severity of the consequences of
concussions. Here we describe a concussion-avoidance training (CAT) to increase neck stiffness and
thereby reducing impact-induced head rotations. The goal of the CAT is the learning or acquisition
of dynamic neck stiffness as a conditioned reflex or response (CR) to appropriate conditioned stimuli
(CS) for the reduction of concussion risk. We first discuss the neuroscience of conditioned responses in
classical conditioning as it applies to motor learning and athletic training. We then describe the practical
implementation of the CAT, including the delivery of CS, the validation of CR, and other relevant
information. Lastly, we made an effort to estimate quantitatively how significant can one expect the CAT
to reduce concussion risk by considering the biomechanics of the head-and-neck.
