Second Victims and Patient Safety: A Scoping Review
Kitani Kaile Lorena, Amato de Souza Beatriz, Estevam de Avila Fernanda, Garcia Martins Isadora, Dias Vergílio Jorge Fernando and Rossi Ribeiro Elaine
Justification: Health professionals perform their duties in environments that require complex care,
and avoiding possible complications is the main focus, however, given human fallibility, adverse
events sometimes become inevitable, and when this occurs, the effects go far beyond the individual
who suffered the damage directly, as there is an indirect effect on the health professionals involved,
who are considered "second victims". Considering that the likelihood of these professionals suffering
physical and psychosocial damage because of the harm caused to the patient is relatively high, it is
essential that studies are developed to provide adequate support for these professionals. Objective: To
review the national and international literature to identify existing notes on the support given to health
professionals in the role of second victim. Results: 27 articles dated between 2011 and 2021 were
analyzed. The country with the most publications was the United States of America, followed by Canada
and Spain, and quantitative methods were prevalent. The studies identified important strategies, such as
sensitivity, empathy and adequate support, effective communication, review of adverse events, social
and emotional support in a trusting environment, individualized follow-up and a support network. By
adopting these strategies, it is possible to provide effective and compassionate support, helping them
to face and overcome the emotional and psychological challenges associated with adverse events or
medical errors. Conclusions: In view of the impacts faced by healthcare professionals in the role of
second victim, a sensitive approach to the issue is needed, and it is essential to recognize and address the
emotional needs of professionals with support strategies, psychological support and resilience education
programs. And so, promote a culture of safety in healthcare institutions, encouraging constant learning
and welcoming a just culture.
